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Figure 2: J-V characteristics (under AM1.5G illumination) of planar (black circles) and nanowire QDPV devices fabricated in a single run. Incorporation of ZnO nanowires (blue triangles) boosts the short-circuit current density (JSC) without affecting the open-circuit voltage (VOC). An additional interface treatment with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) (red diamonds) concurrently increases JSC, VOC, and overall power conversion efficiency of the nanowire-based devices.